The couple had two children who survived to adulthood: Chester Arthur Jr. (1864-1937) and Ellen Herndon Arthur (1871-1915). [53] That summer, he and other representatives of northern governors met with Secretary of State William H. Seward in New York to coordinate the raising of additional troops, and he spent the next few months helping to enlist New York's quota of 120,000 men. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the twentieth vice president under James Garfield. Twenty-first President, 1881-1885. Create your account. Born in Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829, Arthur was an educator, lawyer, and army officer before being appointed as customs collector of the Port of New York (1871-78). He died the following day, on November 18, at the age of 57. Previously the 20th vice president,. [152] To their surprise, he acted quickly to appoint the members of the Civil Service Commission that the law created, naming reformers Dorman Bridgman Eaton, John Milton Gregory, and Leroy D. Thoman as commissioners. The most important events of his administration were the passage of the Tariff Act of 1883 and of the "Edmunds Law" prohibiting polygamy in the territories, and the completion of three great transcontinental railways -- the Southern Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. In the White House, Arthur became known for his sartorial style and taste for fine furnishings. [147] After a juror came forward with allegations that the defendants attempted to bribe him, the judge set aside the guilty verdicts and granted a new trial. Arthur worked for one of the most prominent law firms in New York City. Copyright 2022. [196] Business leaders supported him, as did Southern Republicans who owed their jobs to his control of the patronage, but by the time they began to rally around him, Arthur had decided against a serious campaign for the nomination. [200] Blatchford accepted, and his nomination was approved by the Senate within two weeks. [40] In 1853, after studying at State and National Law School in Ballston Spa, New York, and then saving enough money to relocate, Arthur moved to New York City to read law at the office of Erastus D. Culver, an abolitionist lawyer and family friend. "[5] Mark Twain wrote of him, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration. [109], Garfield and his supporters knew they would face a difficult election without the support of the New York Stalwarts and decided to offer one of them the vice presidential nomination. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. By the 1880s, this system had grown incredibly corrupt, and many were pressing for reform. He also oversaw the establishment of the Naval War College and the Office of Naval Intelligence. Chester Alan Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont. [77][h] Among those who dealt with the Custom House, Arthur was one of the era's more popular collectors. Chester A. Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont, and was one of the ten children of William Arthur and Malvina Stone. Congress passes the so-called Mongrel Tariff Act, a complex tariff revision that reduces rates on various items by less than 2 percent; Arthur had lobbied Congress for a 20 to 25 percent cut on all items. [10], Arthur's father, William Arthur, was born in 1796 in Dreen, Cullybackey, County Antrim, Ireland to a Presbyterian family of Scots-Irish descent. [100] Arthur immediately took advantage of the resulting free time to work for the election of Edward Cooper as New York City's next mayor. [70] In 1871, Grant offered to name Arthur as Commissioner of Internal Revenue, replacing Alfred Pleasonton; Arthur declined the appointment. [139] His son, Chester Jr., was then a freshman at Princeton University and his daughter, Nell, stayed in New York with a governess until 1882; when she arrived, Arthur shielded her from the intrusive press as much as he could. Arthur vetoes the Carriage of Passengers at Sea Bill, a steamboat safety bill, claiming that it contains several major technical errors. William Arthur retired in 1898 with the brevet rank of, William Lewis Arthur (December 10, 1860 July 7, 1863), died of ", Ellen Hansbrough Herndon "Nell" Arthur Pinkerton (November 21, 1871 September 6, 1915), married Charles Pinkerton, This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 21:30. He remained at the job until 1870 at a salary of $10,000 a year. [122] The running mates, never close, detached as Garfield continued to freeze out the Stalwarts from his patronage. American Presidents & Vice Presidents: Study Guide & Homework Help, Chester A. Arthur: Domestic & Foreign Policy, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, John Quincy Adams: Foreign & Domestic Policies, John Quincy Adams: Childhood & Early Life, Martin Van Buren: Presidential Election, Opponent & Campaign Slogan, Martin Van Buren's Early Life & Childhood, Martin Van Buren's Role in the Trail of Tears, Andrew Jackson & Martin Van Buren: Relationship & Comparison, Martin Van Buren's Inaugural Address: Summary & Quotes, President James K. Polk's Foreign & Domestic Policies, James K. Polk's Inaugural Address: Summary & Meaning, James K. Polk: Election & Campaign Slogan, James K. Polk: Birthplace, Early Life & Education, President Franklin Pierce: Birthplace, Early Life & Education, Franklin Pierce: Presidential Election & Campaign, Rutherford B. Hayes: Birthplace, Early Life & Education, President Hayes: Foreign & Domestic Policies, President William McKinley & the Spanish-American War, William McKinley: Birthplace & Early Life. [50] Arthur was commissioned as a brigadier general and assigned to the state militia's quartermaster department. biography Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vt., Oct. 5, 1829. [97][i] Hayes again offered Arthur the position of consul general in Paris as a face-saving consolation; Arthur again declined, as Hayes knew he probably would. [41] When Arthur was admitted to the New York bar in 1854, he joined Culver's firm, which was subsequently renamed Culver, Parker, and Arthur. [73] A rising tide of reform within the party caused Arthur to rename the financial extractions from employees as "voluntary contributions" in 1872, but the concept remained, and the party reaped the benefit of controlling government jobs. In the presidential election later. [87] Jay, with whom Arthur had collaborated in the Lemmon case two decades earlier, suggested that the Custom House was overstaffed with political appointments, and that 20% of the employees were expendable. . Andrew Jackson: Accomplishments & Historical Significance, The Presidential Policies of Andrew Jackson. [181] One crack in the solidly Democratic South emerged with the growth of a new party, the Readjusters, in Virginia. [115], As expected, the election was close. President Chester Arthur represented the Republican . [44] In another civil rights case in 1854, Arthur was the lead attorney representing Elizabeth Jennings Graham after she was denied a seat on a streetcar because she was black. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the twenty-first President of the United States.Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th vice president under James Garfield.While Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881, he did not die until September 19, at which . [83] In 1876, Conkling was a candidate for president at the 1876 Republican National Convention, but the nomination was won by reformer Rutherford B. Hayes on the seventh ballot. "[129] Guiteau was found to be mentally unstable, and despite his claims to be a Stalwart supporter of Arthur, they had only a tenuous connection that dated from the 1880 campaign. The first vacancy arose in July 1881 with the death of Associate Justice Nathan Clifford, a Democrat who had been a member of the Court since before the Civil War. While Arthur reveled in political party life, his family ultimately kept him morally grounded. Their dedication to corruption and injustice left an imprint on American politics. Chester A. Arthur served as America's twenty-first president from September 19, 1881, to March 4, 1885. At the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome a negative reputation as a Stalwart and product of Conkling's organization. [200] Gray would serve on the Court for over 20 years until resigning in 1902. [20], Arthur had seven siblings who lived to adulthood:[21], The family's frequent moves later spawned accusations that Arthur was not a native-born citizen of the United States. [10] William Arthur also spent a brief time studying law, but while still in Waterville, he departed from both his legal studies and his Presbyterian upbringing to join the Free Will Baptists; he spent the rest of his life as a minister in that sect. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. [53] Arthur received plaudits for his work, but his post was a political appointment, and he was relieved of his militia duties in January 1863 when Governor Horatio Seymour, a Democrat, took office. The family remained in Fairfield until 1832. They collected large amounts of money that came from taxes. Major Events of Presidency: Chinese Exclusion Act passed. [107], Conkling and his fellow Stalwarts, including Arthur, wished to follow up their 1879 success at the 1880 Republican National Convention by securing the presidential nomination for their ally, ex-President Grant. The verdict in the Star-Route trial is rendered. He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. Son: Chester Alan Arthur, Jr. (socialite . Secretary of State James G. Blaine resigns due to political differences between himself and President Arthur. Chester A. Arthur The 21st President of the United States Presidents George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren. [47] In 1859, they were married at Calvary Episcopal Church in Manhattan. As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Arthur also presided over a massive renovation of the White House that cost nearly $2 million in today's dollars! Arthur receives Korean ambassadors in New York. Being obscure, he is not counted among the Presidents whom . A sharp dressed man Arthur was sometimes called "elegant Arthur" for his interest in fashionable attire and on his last day in office, four young women offered to marry him. [136] On September 22, he re-took the oath of office, this time before Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite. The Brooklyn Bridge was the first bridge to be built across the East River linking New York City and Brooklyn. [168] Three years later, after China had agreed to treaty revisions, Congress tried again to exclude working class Chinese laborers; Senator John F. Miller of California introduced another Chinese Exclusion Act that blocked entry of Chinese laborers for a twenty-year period. (22) $121.72. Burt. In 1856, Arthur courted Ellen Herndon, the daughter of William Lewis Herndon, a Virginia naval officer. [112] Arthur thought otherwise and accepted. He graduated from Union College in 1848, taught school, was admitted to the bar and practiced law in New York City. Chester A. Arthur Is the Most Forgotten President in U.S. History, According to Science Chester A. Arthur Is the Most Forgotten President in U.S. History, According to Science "Unless. [194] Reporters accompanied the presidential party, helping to publicize the new National Park system. A chronology of key events in the life of Chester Alan Arthur (1829-1886), twenty-first president of the Unites States. He attended Union College in Schenectady, New York, graduating in 1848. In 1878, President Rutherford B. Hayes fired Arthur as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York. [166] To their surprise, Arthur vetoed it and requested revisions, which they made and Arthur then approved. The bridge was an engineering marvel, utilizing numerous construction techniques that had never before been attempted on such a massive scale. [209], Arthur's post-presidency was the second-shortest of all presidents who lived past their presidencies, after that of James K. Polk who died just three months after leaving office. [85] Sherman ordered a commission led by John Jay to investigate the New York Custom House. Still, the crowd of people who showed up for the event were unaware, and the President received a spectacular welcome. [125] Even so, the Senate remained deadlocked for two months over Garfield's nominations because of Conkling's opposition to some of them. In the early 1850s, he served as the principal of schools in North Pownal, Vermont, and Cohoes, New York. [52] The closest Arthur came to the front was when he traveled south to inspect New York troops near Fredericksburg, Virginia, in May 1862, shortly after forces under Major General Irvin McDowell seized the town during the Peninsula Campaign. [179] Even without the additional ships, the state of the Navy improved when, after several construction delays, the last of the new ships entered service in 1889. James Garfield (1831-81) was sworn in as the 20th U.S. president in March 1881 and died in September of that same year from an assassins bullet, making his tenure in office the second-shortest in U.S. presidential history, after William Henry Harrison (1773-1841). Activity. [171][o], In the years following the Civil War, American naval power declined precipitously, shrinking from nearly 700 vessels to just 52, most of which were obsolete. Arthur was the second vice president to become chief executive due to an assassination. Chester Alan Arthur, one of the few men to serve his entire presidency without ever being elected to office (John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, and Gerald Ford were the others), died on this day in 1886. [189] The allotment system was favored by liberal reformers at the time, but eventually proved detrimental to Native Americans as most of their land was resold at low prices to white speculators. Journalist Alexander McClure wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted as Chester Alan Arthur, and no one ever retired more generally respected, alike by political friend and foe. More About Chester A. Arthur. As president from 1881 to 1885, Arthur advocated for civil service reform. Arthur succeeded the presidency upon Garfield's death in September 1881two months after being shot by an assassin. David L. Anderson, "The Diplomacy of Discrimination: Chinese Exclusion, 18761882", New York State Republican Executive Committee, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, List of presidents of the United States by previous experience, Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, "Rating the Presidents: Washington to Clinton", "Top 10 Forgettable Presidents: Fail to the Chief; Chester A. Arthur", "Then Again: A Vermont politician faces the 'birthers'. [174], In his 1881 annual message, Arthur advocated a stronger Navy. [182] He followed the same pattern in other Southern states, forging coalitions with independents and Greenback Party members. Four months into his term, Garfield was shot by an assassin; he died 11 weeks later, and Arthur assumed the presidency. [142] Blaine, nemesis of the Stalwart faction, remained Secretary of State until Congress reconvened and then departed immediately. [204] His health limited his activity with the firm, and Arthur served only of counsel. His father, William Arthur, had immigrated to America from northern Ireland when he was 18 and had become a Baptist minister. Arthurs administration also fought fraud in the U.S. Hayes did not seek reelection in 1880, and at that years Republican National Convention the choice for presidential nominee had delegates deadlocked between Ulysses Grant, the U.S. president from 1869 to 1877, and James Blaine (1830-93), a U.S. senator from Maine. Arthur's status in the administration diminished when, a month before inauguration day, he gave a speech before reporters suggesting the election in Indiana, a swing state, had been won by Republicans through illegal machinations. [123] Garfield ultimately appointed a Stalwart, Thomas Lemuel James, to be Postmaster General, but the cabinet fight and Arthur's ill-considered speech left the President and Vice President clearly estranged when they took office on March 4, 1881. A sharp dressed man 9. It was an incredibly strict anti-immigration law that was designed to keep Chinese labor out of the American market. Nine men are indicted for defrauding the government in a postal scam, an episode that becomes known as the Star-Route Scandal; the trial begins on June 1. His mother, Malvina Stone Arthur, was born in New Hampshire. A skilled fisherman 8. Biographer George Howe takes this exchange at face value, Conkling and Pratt were ultimately denied re-election, being succeeded by. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont. Chester A. Arthur - Key Events March 4, 1881 Arthur Becomes Vice President Arthur takes office as vice president in the presidential administration of James Garfield. The Conkling machine was solidly behind General Ulysses S. Grant's candidacy for president, and Arthur raised funds for Grant's election in 1868. [56] Even as his professional life improved, however, Arthur and his wife experienced a personal tragedy as their only child, William, died suddenly that year at the age of two. [49], In 1861, Arthur was appointed to the military staff of Governor Edwin D. Morgan as engineer-in-chief. Arthur first nominated his old political boss, Roscoe Conkling; he doubted that Conkling would accept, but felt obligated to offer a high office to his former patron. "[36] During his time at school, he gained his first political inclinations and supported the Whig Party. [149] In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio introduced legislation that required selection of civil servants based on merit as determined by an examination. After graduating in 1848, he became a schoolteacher and studied law at the State and National Law School (now defunct) in Ballston Spa, New York. [163] Arthur and Frelinghuysen continued Blaine's efforts to encourage trade among the nations of the Western Hemisphere; a treaty with Mexico providing for reciprocal tariff reductions was signed in 1882 and approved by the Senate in 1884. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he was quartermaster for the state of New York, responsible for organizing food and supplies for Union soldiers. At the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome a slightly negative reputation, which stemmed from his early career in politics as part of New York's Republican political machine. [194] The Yellowstone trip was more beneficial to Arthur's health than his Florida excursion, and he returned to Washington refreshed after two months of travel. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. President Chester Arthur Timeline Important Dates, World and National Events During His Lifetime: 1829: Born in Fairfield, Vermont in October 5th: 1848: Graduated from Union College: 1859: Married Ellen Lewis Herndon: 1860: Son William is born : 1864: Son Chester is born : 1871: Daughter Ellen is born : 1871: Named Collector of the Port of New . [51] He had an opportunity to serve at the front when the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment elected him commander with the rank of colonel early in the war, but at Governor Morgan's request, he turned it down to remain at his post in New York. The bill passed both houses narrowly on March 3, 1883, the last full day of the 47th Congress; Arthur signed the measure into law, with no effect on the surplus. portrait of chester alan arthur, 21st president of the united states - chester a. arthur stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images The Great Bridge - President Arthur and his Party Crossing the Suspended Highway, drawn by Schell & Hogan, Harper's Weekly, June 2, 1883. A skilled fisherman In the general election, Garfield and Arthur defeated Democratic nominee Winfield Hancock (1824-1886) and his running mate William English (1822-1896), and were sworn into office on March 4, 1881. Typically, these jobs were dispensed to adherents of the political machine responsible for appointing the Collector. [14] They married in Dunham on April 12, 1821, soon after meeting. Chester A. Arthur For seven years, Arthur served as the collector of the port of New York. The territory had been ceded to the United States by Russia in an 1867 treaty. "[154], With high revenue held over from wartime taxes, the federal government had collected more than it spent since 1866; by 1882 the surplus reached $145 million. "[4] By the time of Garfield's assassination, most political observers thought that Arthur had lost any power or influence that he did have with the president. Windup Teacher. "[159] Congress overrode his veto the next day[158] and the new law reduced the surplus by $19 million. Political opponent of the President and former secretary of state James G. Blaine defeats Arthur for the nomination; John A. Logan is selected as vice president. Major Events of presidency: Chinese Exclusion Act passed graduated from Union College in,! One crack in the White House, Arthur courted Ellen Herndon Arthur ( )... Plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York, graduating 1848! 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